Propeller.



, H. I. BENEDICT.

PROPELLER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 19.1914.-

hmfi fim Patented July 27,1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I,

INVENTOR H Hep li y I. Benedicf' A TTOR/IIEKS m W TTORA/EYS H. I.BENEDICT.

PROPELLER.

APPLICATION man ocT.'i9. 1914.

LM@ u Patented Jul 27,1915.

WIT/V5885? //V 5 IV TOR Henry I. Benedicf' a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident 'of the cityof New York, borough of Manmar t.W101,

Tocll whom, it may'c oncera:

- Be it'lmown that I, HENRY ll. Bnmmwr,

hattan, in the county and State otNew York, have inventedanew-andllmproved Propeller, of which the followingis a full, clear, andexact description.

This invention relates to propellers for marine and air craltts andrelates more particularly to" a propeller of the oscillatory type incontradistinction to rotary pro- .pellers. I

- The invention .has for its general'obmcts to improve and simplify theconstruction of propellers so as to be highly eflicient in use, ofdurable and substantial design and equally effective in both forward andreverse prppulsion.

ore specifically the. tion is the provision of a propeller capable ofoscillating laterally or'vertically and having in addition to anoscillatory motion .a

movement of translation while held at such a pitch that its action onthe water or an results in a propelling impulse and these impulses areproduced in-the movement of the propeller in-both directionsb A furtherobject of the invention'is the provision ofactuating means for thepropeller whereby a propelling force is' produced at all points exceptatthe limits of the oscillatory or reciprocatory movement thereof, whenthe actuating means passes through its dead centers, which fact,.takenin connection with the fish-tail shape of the propeller causes apowerful and practically uniform propelling impulse tobe given to thecraft on'which the propeller is mounted.

With such objects in view, and others which willappear as thedescription.pro'- ceedS, the-invention comprises various novel featuresof constructlon and arrangement of parts-which will be set forth withparticularity in the following description and claims ap ended hereto. 1

n the accompanying" drawings, which illustrate certain embodiments ofthe invention and wherein similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all theviews, Figure 1 is-a'bottom plan view ofthe stern of a boat equipped with the mproved propelling mechanism;Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 object of the invenon NW roan, n. r.

view of the propeller detached Fig. 7 is a perspectiveview of the crankshaft for op.- eratmg the pro eller; Fig. 8 is a side view of the cranksha t with the crank pin in section; Fig. his a side-view'of thesteering part ofaboat with a'modified form of pro- I a detail view ofthe eccentrics embodied in the mechanism shown in-Figl In the presentinstance t be understood that it can be used with air craRfti h d eerrin to t e, rawin A desi ates the hull at a boat to whic isapplie dthe propeller B. This propeller may be disposed with its planehorizontal orvertical and 1t 1s more or less in the shape of afishstail. The propeller is adapted to have a motion of translationup'and down or to the right or left, according to the disposi-'rnornnnna m aaa, 1 ae m :lPa tented duly eaters.

- .Applicaflonflled octolber imam. remind teaser. p:

peller actuating mechanism; and Fig. 10 is.

.Q. 6'5- e prope1ler' i s shown in connectwnj with a boat, but it istotion of the plane of the propeller, and dur-' ing the movement of thepropeller it is in-. chned 1n the same general direction with respect tothe lengthv of the boat throughout the range of each stroke, but theinclination during one stroke is opposite to the inclination during thesucceeding stroke.

ing movement about its front edge as acenter, for instance, but it movesbodily while maintaininga decided pitch, whereby a propelling thrust isexerted on the boat. As

the propeller has a bodily movement trans versely to the line ofpropulsion it is mov-' ably connected with the hull by means "of Inother words, the propellerdo'es not have a swing-.

is provided with a crank pin 6 engaged in .a

plane. coincident with thelongitudinal center plane of the propeller.The crank pin is disposed parallelwith'" the crank shaft 4; when viewedin one plane,'but in another plane atright-angle's to thefirst-mentioned recess 7 provided in the .front edge 'ofthe propeller,such recess being elongated in a v plane the crank pin is dis osedobliquely to the'axis of. the engine sha t 4. By reasonof thisarrangement of the crank pin a rotation o f'the shaft will cause thecrank pin to 56 To reduce friction to a eo-back and move back and forththe recess or slot 7 of the propeller, with a, motion somewhat afterthefashion of a harmonic motion, but

' I the propeller is at all times disposed at an an 1e to the axis ofthe driving shaft, except while the crank pin passes through its deadcenter's. InFig. 2 t e crank pin 6' is at its upper dead center and asthe shaft 4 revolves and with it the crank pin, the latter becomesinclined to the horizontal and reaches 1ts maximum point ofinclinationat, the end of the first (guarter of the revolution,, asshownin Fig and during the next quarter of the revolution the angle ofinclination gradually changes until the propeller is parallel with theshaft 4, as shown m Fig. 4, where the crank pin is at its lowerdeadcenter. As the shaft continues to revolve the crank pin ascends andgradually changes its inclination, so that it reaches theosition shownin Fig. 5 at a point midway I tween the upward travel of the crank pin,

- and during the fourth quarter of the revolution-of the crank pin itchanges its inclination from the osltion shown in Fig. 5 to that shownin. ig. 2. It will be noted that the angle of inclination during thefirst half of the revolution from, Fi 2 is o posite to v the angle ofinclination uring e second so half from Fig. 4 to'Fig. 2. As thepropeller B is inclined at all points except when the crank is at its u'per or lower dead center the propeller wi l have a pitch which resultsina powerful thrust bemg exerted, due

- B5 to theaction of the'propeller on the water,

I and this thrustis the: same both in the u and down stroke of the proeller. Obv1- 4 ously the direction of propu 'on depends ,upon thedirection in which the shaft 4 is I to rotated, and-therefore when it isdesired to reverse the direction of propulsion it is. merely necessary.to reverse the direction of rotation of the shaft. When the propelleris moving downwardly its under surface will act on the water and producethe propelling force, while on the upstroke of the propeller the upper'side acts on the water to produce the propelling force. During the upand down strokes of the propeller the bars '1 lio swing on theirfrontends as centers, since these bars-are pivotally connected with thepropeller and the thrust produced by the propeller is transmittedthrough these bars tot eboat.

the crank 6 may include a roller or other anti- "ction device 8 which 18disposed in the chamber of the ropeller, whereby a rolling contact is edas the crank pin .moves Instead of loying' the crank in constructionherein fore described t e 'prop eller B can be actuated by meansshown inig. 9. This propeller is connected with a M pair of deviceswhich'cause'the propeller to h both of which latter are fastened I to anpolled, a fish-tail-likeflpropeller, a driving shaft, a crank pinon.

angle to the axis thereof,'sai;1npropcller same at an inclination to theline of propulsion'. The inclination or pitch of course changesalternately as the strokes change.

In the present instance the front and rear portions of the propeller areconnected by freely. laterally movable links or equivalent devices 9 and10 with eccentric straps 9 and 10 which surround eccentrics 9" and 10",

engine shaft 11. Theeccentrics are pneferably angularly displaced onefrom the other as shown in -Fig.- 10, so that the angle of inclinationof the propeller will gradually change from zero at the begin-' ning ofa stroke to maximum at mid stroke, and zero at'the end of the stroke,and thereafter pass through the same cycle with an opposite inclinationon the next stroke. Wlth this arrangement the direction of 5 movementofthe propeller can be reversed by merely reversing the rotation of theshaft 11 for the forward or backward propulsion of the boat. j While thepropeller ai1d operating mechanism has been shown in connection with ashaft driven from an engine within the boat it is'to be understood thatthe inventlon can be used in connection with an outboard driving motorapplied to the stern of a boat. ,From the foregoing description taken n.connection with the accompanyingfdrawm the advantages of the,construction an method of operationywill be readily understood by thoseskilled in the art to which the 100 invention appertains, and while Ihave described the principle of operation together with the apparatuswhich I now consider to be the'best embodiment thereof, I desire to haveit understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and thatsuch ch es may be made when desired as are withln e scolpe of theappended claims.

aving thus described my nventlon, I claim as new and desire t9 secure byLetters Patent: -1. The combination of a craft to be propelled, with apropeller movable back and forth at approximately right-angles to theline of propulsion, a rotary shaft extendlng longitudinally of thecraft, a single means between the shaft and propeller for moving thelatter back and forth and alternately changing the pitchof the propellersynchronously with the strokes thereof, and a device hingedly connectedwith the propellerand movably connected with-the craft, whereby thethrusts from the. propeller-are transto the craft. 1 2; The combinationof a craft tobe pro- Ill e shaft arranged at having means with'which thecr pm encas s w @1180 ep op lle tq mQvebMk misses I and forth whiledisposed at an angle to the said shaft, and means for connecting thepropeller with the craft to propel the same.

3. The combinationofa craft toibe pro-- pelled, a fish-tail-likepropeller having a recess in its front portion and at the center, ashaft disposed in frontiof the propeller, a crank pin on the shaftdisposed at an angle to the axis of the shaft and, engaging in therecess of the propeller to reciprocate and and means forconnecting thepropeller with the said craft to propel the same.

4. The combination of a craft to be propelled,,a fiat propelleroscillatory in only a single plane, a crank pin adapted torevolve aboutan axis transverse to theplane'of mo 'tion of the propeller, and thecrank pin being disposed at an angle to such axis, and

- means carried by the propeller with which :the crank P111 engages forvibrating the propeller and alternately changing the pitch of p thepropeller as the strokes thereof change,

and a mechanical connection between the propeller and craft whereby thethrust of the propeller. propels the craft, both halves v ef thepropeller being inthe sameplane. alternately change the pitchofthepropeller,

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY I. BENEDICT. Witnesses:

CHA'r'rEN BRADWAY, PHILIP D. RoLLHAUs.

